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THE RED MEN OF IOWA.

native of Maryland, but who removed from Virginia to Illinois with his family, in 1781. With him came also James Garrison, Robert Kidd, Shadrach Bond and Larkin Rutherford. Some of the party settled in the American Bottom, near Harrisonville. They were not seriously molested by the Indians until 1786, by which time the pioneers of 1781 had been joined by a number of other families, mostly from Virginia. During the latter year the Indians made an attack upon the whites, killing James Andrews, his wife and daughter, James White and Samuel McClure. Two of the daughters of Mr. Andrews were taken prisoners, one of whom died in captivity, and the other was ransomed by the French traders. The settlers built block-houses for safety, enclosing them by palisades. They carried their rifles to their fields in the day-time, and kept guards stationed at night. For several years the Indians, chiefly Kickapoos, continued to commit outrages upon the white settlers, and other massacres were committed. Indeed the settlers in Illinois were subject to almost daily alarm until the subjugation of the Indians in the Miami country by General Wayne, in 1794. The treaty which followed Wayne's victory brought comparative peace to the borders of Illinois.

Treaties having been made with the Six Nations, and with the Delawares, Wyandots, Chippewas and Ottawas, it was determined, if possible, to conclude a treaty with the tribes on the Wabash. The time for the treaty was fixed for January 31, 1786, and the place, at or near the mouth of the Great Miami. The Wabash Indians failed to appear and join in the negotiations. As it turned out, the conference was with the Delawares, Wyandots and Shawanoes, the rep-

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WAR WITH THE MIAMI AND WABASH TRIBES.

resentatives of the last named tribe smoking the pipe of peace with some hesitation. The place where this treaty was held was where Fort Washington was established a couple of years later, and where now stands the city of Cincinnati. By this treaty the Shawanoes relinquished their claims to all lands except a certain reservation described in the treaty.

The continued incursions of the Wabash Indians, in the opinion of Congress, justified offensive measures against them, and two companies of troops,were sent down the Ohio to the Falls. General Clark was authorized to raise an additional force of Kentucky militia to invade the country of the turbulent tribes. A force of about one thousand men marched from the Falls under General Clark, reaching Vincennes in September, 1786. Provisions, which had been sent down to the mouth of the Wabash, were delayed by the low water, and for this and other reasons the expedition proved a failure.

Meanwhile the Shawanoes, despite their late treaty, resumed hostilities. An expedition against them was conducted by Colonel Logan, with results quite different from those which attended the invasion of Clark. Their towns were burned and their crops destroyed.

Notwithstanding the hostile disposition of the western Indians and the failure to bring them to terms by treaty stipulations, during the winter of 1787-8 immigrants were pressing their way over the Alleghanies westward. In April the settlers at Marietta became the founders of Ohio, unless the Moravian missionaries are entitled to that distinction. In July the new city founded was christened "Marietta," in honor of Marie Antoinette. In October

Pages 38 - 39

Chapter Three

Introductory Page| Portrait of MA-KA-TAI-ME-SHE-KIA-KIAH (Black Hawk)| Title Page| Page 2|

Preface (pages 3 - 6)| Illustrations (page 7)| Contents (pages 8 - 17)

Chapter One

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