THE RED MEN OF IOWA.

In January, 1789, treaties were made at Fort Harmar with the Six Nations, and also with the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawattamies and Sacs, confirming and extending the previous ones made at Fort Stanwix and Fort McIntosh, in 1784 and 1785. By the terms of these modified or amended treaties the Indians of the tribes named were allowed as individuals to hunt within the territory ceded to the United States so long as they demeaned themselves peaceably. Unlicensed persons were prohibited from trading at the towns and camps of the Indians. It was enjoined upon these tribes to give information to the governor of the Territory, or to the commanding officer at the nearest military post, of any hostile intentions against the United States, or either of them, that might come to their knowledge, and on the part of the United States it was agreed to protect the Indians from any harm that might be meditated against them.

These treaties, it seems, were as little respected as former ones, for during the same year the frontier troubles con-

From 1790 to 1795 was a troublesome era in the history of the Northwest. Several of the tribes with whom treaties had been made disputed their validity, claiming that they had been forced to part with their lands through intimidation. The Wabash tribes, and some others, were for making the Ohio River the dividing line, and declared they would not sell any of their lands north of that river. Transfers had been made by the Iroquois (Six Nations), Wyandots, Delawares and Shawanoes; but the Miamis, Chippewas, Ottawas, Kickapoos, Weas, Ouiatenons, Piankeshaws, Pottawattamies, Eel River Indians and Kaskaskias, were as yet not bound by any treaty to yield their lands north of the Ohio. At the request of President Washington measures were taken to ascertain the real wishes and intentions of the northwestern Indians, and for this purpose the commanding officer at Vincennes sent Anthony Ganelin, an intelligent French trader, to confer with them. On the 24th of April, 1790, he held a meeting with the Miamis, Shawanoes and Delawares. The information elicited foretold trouble, and the necessity of preparation to meet it. Governor St. Clair, under the authority given him by Congress, called upon Virginia for one thousand,