THE RED MEN OF IOWA.

Among themselves the lowas were called Pa-hu-cha. which is translated as meaning "dusty nose." Their tradition was, that when they separated from the first tribe or family, they located near the mouth of a river where there were large sand-bars; that the wind blew sand and dust upon their faces, and after this they were called Pa-hu-chas, or Dusty Noses. Their language was the same as that of the Winnebagoes, Osages, Omahas, and other tribes of the Dakota group, to which they belonged.

The Iowas were divided originally into eight leading clans, each bearing the title, and distinguished by the

There is a tradition that about the year 1690 the Iowas had their home in the region of the great lakes, that from there they removed to the Mississippi, and that with their great chief, whose name was Man-haw-gaw, they crossed over and settled on Iowa River, establishing their principal village near its mouth. There for a time they prospered and multiplied, until the Sioux from the north began to annoy them. A band of these rovers came down from the northern prairies, and made great professions of friendship. They invited the Iowa chief to join them in a dog-feast, and Man-haw-gaw, having confidence in their protestations of good feeling, accepted the invitation. In the midst of the feast the unsuspecting chief of the Iowas was attacked and slain by the perfidious Sioux. From that time the Iowas were the inveterate enemies of the Sioux, and although ethnologically related, and speaking a common language, the two tribes henceforth were rarely at peace with each other.

The Iowas seem to have been frequently engaged in war with the Osages. One of the greatest victories of which they could give any account was won by them over the